Healthy homework works
Most physical activity interventions on children are based in the school setting; however, children typically engage in more sedentary activities and spend more time eating when at home.
Researchers from Auckland University of Technology (AUT) and the University of Otago have investigated the effects of a compulsory, health-related home programme on physical activity and dietary patterns, and body size in primary school children.
Primary schools in Auckland and Dunedin implemented Healthy Homework, an eight-week programme of applied homework and in-school teaching designed to increase physical activity and improve dietary patterns.
A study of the programme, just published in the International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, showed a significant effect on weekday physical activity at home, weekend physical activity and consumption of fruit. The greatest improvements in physical activity occurred in children from the most socioeconomically deprived schools. No consistent effects were observed on sedentary time, weight to height ratio or other dietary patterns.
The research concluded that a compulsory health-related homework programme resulted in substantial and consistent increases in children’s physical activity; particularly outside of school and on weekends. The findings support the integration of compulsory home-focused strategies for improving healthy behaviour into the primary education curriculum.
Healthy Homework conducted between August 2011 and August 2012, involved 675 children aged 7-10 years across 16 schools. Children received a homework booklet with weekly topics, each containing a physical activity and a nutrition component. Three practical homework options were provided for each topic, and the teacher directed the children to complete at least one physical activity and one nutrition task per week (e.g. organising family walks, walking to and from school, limiting screen time, testing the fitness of the family, eating 5+ fruit and vegetables each day, comparing food labels at the supermarket, helping with dinner, preparing a healthy lunch box. This was supplemented with educational content and in-class exercises.
AUT Associate Professor Scott Duncan says a key strength of the study was the design of a homework syllabus that maximised family participation and engagement, thereby targeting out-of-school behaviours.
“Our results demonstrate significant and sustained increases in physical activity 6-months post-intervention. Of particular note were the large effects on out-of-school physical activity approximate to hypothetical increases of 15.6% each weekday and 29.7% each weekend day.
“This degree of improvement, should it persist over the long term, would likely have a meaningful impact on children’s health and wellbeing; reviews have identified favourable effects on a wide range of physical, psychosocial and cognitive outcomes of even modest increases in physical activity.”
He says furthermore, the relatively larger effects observed in children from the most socioeconomically deprived schools suggests that this intervention approach may be an effective way of engaging at-risk populations.